In 2009, under the aegis of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation’s Asia Security Initiative, the National Bureau of Asian Research (NBR) launched a three-year initiative to examine opportunities for cooperation on shared nontraditional security concerns as potential building blocks toward developing a viable regional security architecture for South Asia. This NBR Special Report is the first of a series of reports to be published through the course of 2011 drawing on papers prepared for the project’s first phase.