Two commentaries offer perspectives on the results of India’s recent election. Ian Hall outlines trends that may help to explain the setbacks suffered by Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party and considers the broader significance they may portend for Modi’s future and for India’s international partners. Rohan Mukherjee argues that a longer view on India’s rise suggests two major lessons that India watchers should keep in mind as they evaluate the prospects of India’s new government.